Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), rechargeable batteries that store energy via the reversible reduction of lithium ions, are used to power countless devices and technologies, ranging from laptops and smartphones to electric cars. While LIBs have several advantages over other battery technologies, their current energy densities restrict the distances that electric vehicles can travel before they need to be recharged.

There is a "silent hazard" lurking underneath our major global cities, and our buildings were not designed to handle it.